Cable abbreviations decoded – the key to choosing the right cable

A cable is not just an electrical conductor – there are various insulations, protective sheaths, shielding, and mechanical reinforcements that distinguish it for specific applications. Without standardized abbreviations, each cable designation would become unnecessarily long and confusing. But don’t worry: Once you understand the system, you can instantly recognize what a cable is suitable for. Here is an overview of the most important abbreviations and what they mean.

Structure and protection: The most important cable abbreviations

Each cable has specific properties, which result from its mechanical protection, shielding, and other special features. Especially when laid underground or in demanding industrial environments, additional protective mechanisms are crucial.

• **A **– After N: Aluminum conductor, at the end: Outer sheath made of jute
  Aluminum is frequently used as a conductor material because it is cheaper and lighter than copper. However, it has a higher electrical resistance, which is why cross-sections often need to be larger.
• **B **– Steel tape armoring
  This mechanical protective layer provides greater resistance against external stress, e.g., when buried underground.
• **C **– Concentric conductor or shield made of copper wires or bands
  This design improves electromagnetic compatibility and ensures an even field distribution around the conductor.
• **CW **– Concentric conductor made of copper, applied in a wave pattern
• CE – Individual core shielding
• **E **– After N: Individual core shielding, at the end: Protective sheath made of plastic tape
• **F **– Longitudinally water-tight cable
  A must for cables used in moist or buried environments. The sealing prevents the penetration of water along the cable.
• FL – Longitudinally and transversely water-tight cable
  This cable not only provides protection against water in the longitudinal direction, but also prevents moisture from penetrating sideways through the sheath.
• **GB **– Counter-wound steel tape
• H – High-voltage cable with metallized shielding of individual cores (Höchstädter cable)
  An H cable is a high-voltage cable with three conductors for three-phase alternating current, developed by Martin Höchstädter. The metallized shielding of each core ensures an even field distribution, reduces insulation stress, and allows higher operating voltages. It is used in high-voltage networks, substations, and wind farms.
• **K **– Cable with lead sheath
  Lead sheaths were frequently used in the past as protection against moisture and chemical influences. However, due to environmental concerns, they have long been replaced by modern materials.
• **L **– Smooth aluminum sheath
• N – Cable according to standard
  This letter indicates that the cable has been manufactured according to standardized specifications – an important quality feature for planning and safety.
• **Ö **– Oil cable
  Oil cables are high-voltage cables that operate internally with thin mineral oil under pressure. Since the 1930s, they have been used for 100 kV to 500 kV as underground cables, especially in urban high-voltage networks such as the 380 kV transmission lines in Berlin and Vienna.
• **Q **– Braiding made of galvanized steel wire
• **R **– Round wire armoring
• **S **– Copper shield (≥ 6 mm²) for touch protection or to conduct fault currents
  A copper shield reduces electromagnetic interference and, in some applications, serves as a protective conductor.
• **SE **– Instead of H; similar to S, but for multi-core cables; then applies to each core individually

Insulation materials: Protection against electrical breakdowns

A key feature of a cable is its insulation. It must prevent electrical breakdowns while also resisting mechanical and chemical influences. Depending on the application, different materials are used.

• 2X – Insulation made of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)
  Cross-linked polyethylene is particularly temperature- and voltage-resistant and is commonly used in medium- and high-voltage cables.
• Y – Insulation or sheath made of PVC
  PVC is the standard material for many cable sheaths, as it is flexible and cost-effective. However, it is increasingly being replaced by more environmentally friendly alternatives.
• 2Y – Insulation or sheath made of thermoplastic polyethylene (PE)
• 4Y – Insulation made of polyamide (nylon)
  Polyamide is extremely resistant to abrasion and mechanical stress – ideal for demanding industrial applications.
• 9Y – Insulation made of polypropylene (PP)
• 11Y – Insulation made of polyurethane (PUR)
  Polyurethane offers high flexibility and is resistant to chemicals and abrasion – often used for mobile applications.
• 12Y – Insulation made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
• 4G – Insulation made of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)

Conductor structure: The inner composition of a cable

In addition to insulation, the conductor structure also determines how flexible or stable a cable is. This plays a major role, especially in energy distribution or for movable applications.

• RE – Solid round conductor
  These solid conductors are stable and have high mechanical strength but are not very flexible.
• RF – Fine-stranded round conductor
  Consists of many thin individual wires, making it particularly flexible – ideal for movable applications.
• RM – Multi-stranded round conductor
• SE – Solid sector conductor
  Sector conductors allow for a more compact cable design for large cross-sections.
• SM – Multi-stranded sector conductor

Conclusion: Knowing what’s behind the abbreviations

With this knowledge, cable designations can be quickly deciphered. Anyone familiar with the abbreviations can instantly recognize a cable’s properties and its suitable applications. An example: NA2XY N – Cable according to standard
A – Aluminum conductor
2X – Insulation made of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)
Y – PVC sheath Once these abbreviations are understood, cable designations can not only be read but also used to specifically select the right product for the application. Whether for high-voltage lines, industrial control systems, or the grid connection of a wind farm – choosing the right cable is crucial for a safe and long-lasting installation.

KLZ – Your go-to partner when it comes to cables

Now that we’ve decoded the world of cable abbreviations, one thing is clear: A cable is much more than just a wire with insulation. The combination of conductor material, insulation, shielding, and mechanical protection determines whether a cable meets the demands of a specific application. And this is where things often get complicated – because not every project has the same requirements for installation, load capacity, or environmental resistance. When it comes to finding the right cable for a specific application, it helps to have a partner who knows the industry inside out. That’s where KLZ comes in. Whether you need a longitudinally and transversely water-tight cable for demanding underground installation, a high-voltage cable with metallized shielding, or a flexible cable with a PUR sheath – we’ll help you make the right choice. Because in the end, it’s not just about finding a cable that fits – it’s about ensuring long-term, reliable performance. And for those who have taken the time to understand the abbreviations, one thing is clear: A NA2XSEYRGY isn’t just any cable – it’s a tailor-made solution for a specific challenge. And that’s exactly what we deliver. 🔗 Looking for the right cable? Check out our product overview.
🔗 Got questions? Contact us directly via our contact page. Let’s work together to find the perfect cable for your project.